Phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention and is a promising technology for addressing soil contamination problems. Despite these and other successes, phytoremediation remains largely relegated to the lab. Fulekar environmental biotechnology laboratory, department of life sciences, university of mumbai, santacruz e, mumbai 400 098, india. The term of phytoremediation is relatively new, started from 1991. Recent techniques article pdf available in african journal of biotechnology 86. Highlights heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. The plant protein binds heavy metals and removes them so that plant toxicity does not occur. Phytoremediation is a green technology with good public perception. Bioremediation has acquired attention over the recent decades, as a rising and ecofriendly approach that employs the natural abilities of living. In recent years, scientists and engineers have started to generate cost effective technologies that include use of microorganismsbiomass or live plants to clean polluted areas. Due to their immutable nature, metals are a group of pollutants of much concern. With the development of urbanization and industrialization, soils have become increasingly polluted by heavy metals and organic pollutants, which threaten. In recent years, public concerns relating to ecological threats caused by heavy metal hm have led to intensive research of new economical plants based remediation technologies. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air.
Pdf the current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soil water are expensive, time consuming and environmentally. Accumulation, bioremediation, heavy metals, toxic phytoremediation. Mining and smelting processes are among the key sources of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting in dramatic disturbances and loss of biodiversity. Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. Biotechnological advances in bioremediation of heavy metals. Recent advances towards improved phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution heavy metal pollution represents a global challenge to both public health and environmental sustainability. Heavy metal, soils, contamination, phytoremediation 1. Phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity and role of soil in. However, it is considered as a slow form of remediation, as plants take time to grow and flourish. Present phytoremediation system characteristics that site managers and others might find useful in assessing the potential applicability of phytoremediation to a specific site.
Any means to reduce heavy metal pollution in the environment is of considerable economic significance. Titled phytoremediation of metals, the patent disclosed a method to remove metal ions from soil using plants. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils from challawa. Phytoremediation of heavy metals phytoremediation is a part of the emerging green technology being used for the uptake of various heavy metals in different amounts from the so il and storage of them in parts of the plant that figure 1. Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities. Accepted 19 december, 2008 the current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time.
Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. The plant is then harvested and disposed of and the site replanted until heavy metals in the. Use of plants in purification process is called phytoremediation, and it has gained attention as a suitable option for the treatment of landfill leachate 6. Dec 24, 2007 heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn.
A comparison of technologies for remediation of heavy metal. Phytoremediation of heavy metalsconcepts and applications. Phytoremediation for heavy metal removal plants, so called hyperaccumulators are usually used, they take up 100 times the concentration of metals over other plants. Advancement in molecular studies will improve efficiency of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. The heavy metals that plants extract are toxic to the plants as well, and the plants used. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical. The phytoremediation technique for cleaning up contaminated. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for cleaning up contaminated sites, which is cost effective.
It is therefore a matter of urgency to develop a new and efficient technology for removing contaminants from soil. After harvesting, biomass may be processed for extraction and recovery of metals phytomining. Investigating the heavy metals removal capacity of some native plant species from the wetland groundwater of. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental. They are widely involved in human activities, such as fossil fuel combustion, mining, electroplating, dye and. Advantages and shortcomings of phytoremediation techniques there are numerous advantages of phytoremediation technology.
Power, an organic composting facility located in avon, new york. Heavy metals are removed from soil by moving up into plant roots, stems, and. Phytoremediation is a better option for cleanup of metalcontaminated sites. So, in our study we tried to enhance the phytoremediation capacity of eichhornia crassipes to treat heavy metals by using electric current. The commercial value of metals such as ni, zn, cu or co may encourage the phytoremediation process.
Phytoremediation for heavy metal environmental issues. Moreover, the effectiveness of different phytoremediation techniques can be enhanced by. The entire mechanism of phytoextraction of heavy metals has five basic aspects. Various amendments, including the augmentation of certain chemical substances i. Introduction heavy metals is a term generally referred to metals and metalloids with density more than 5 gcm 3 which include arsenic as, cadmium cd, chromium cr, copper cu, iron fe, lead pb, mercury hg, silver ag, zinc zn and others duruibe et al. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. The presence of any metal may vary from site to site, depending upon the source of individual pollutant. The current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time consuming and environmentally destructive. Submitted on 28 aug 2017 v1, last revised 22 nov 2017 v2. The plant is then harvested and disposed of and the site replanted until heavy.
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from soil and water. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent. Introduction organic pollutants and heavy metals are considered to be a serious environmental problem for human health. Recent findings on the phytoremediation of soils contaminated. Unlike other kinds of remediation plants, ornamental plants grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects have been an important source of remediation plants in recent years. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. Arsenic as classified by the united states environmental protection agency usepa as class a and category 1 carcinogen, arsenic as is one of the major toxic heavy metals that cause contamination of potable water in many countries, such as argentina, bangladesh, chile, china, finland, india, south east asia and usa arora et al. Heavy metals are removed from soil by moving up into plant roots, stems, and leaves. Oct 17, 2017 phytoextraction is a subprocess of phytoremediation in which plants remove dangerous elements or compounds from soil or water, most usually heavy metals, metals that have a high density and may be toxic to organisms even at relatively low concentrations. It is best applied at sites with shallow contamination of organic, nutrient or metal pollutants that are amenable to one of the five applications. Introduction heavy metals are the major environmental contaminants and pose a severe threat to human and animal health by their longterm persistence in the environment 1. Pdf phytoremediation download full pdf book download. However, the challenges biosafety assessment and genetic pollution involved in adopting the new initiatives for cleaningup the heavy metals contaminated ecosystems from both ecological and greener point of view must not be ignored.
Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. Traditional heavy metals remediation techniques like ion exchange, filtration, and adsorption are not cost effective and may adversely affect the aquatic ecosystem. The remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals is a costintensive and technically complex procedure 25. Several aquatic species have been identified and tested for the phytoremediation of heavy metals from the polluted water. The knowledge gathered here could be useful for designing novel research towards biotechnological improvement of phytoremediation efficiency. However, the challenges biosafety assessment and genetic pollution involved in adopting the new initiatives for cleaningup the heavy metalscontaminated ecosystems from both ecological and greener point of view must not be ignored. Recent strategies of increasing metal tolerance and. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, and therefore effective cleanup requires their immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. Abstractheavymetal pollution represents an important environmental problem due to the toxic effects of metals, and their invasion in to the food chain leads to serious ecological and health problems. Phytoremediation techniques include different modalities. Sources of heavy metals, and foliar, root uptake of heavy metals in plants. These plants are either excluders or accumulators based on their bioaccumulation. Heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. Alternatively, thermal, physical, chemical or microbiological processes can be used to reduce the volume weight of biomass.
Phytostabilization is a process where certain plant species. In this experiment, the eichhornia crassipes, an able phytoremediator exhibited efficient and fast removal of heavy metals from synthetic solution in electro assisted phytoremediation system. In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like typha latifolia, eichhornia crassipes, salvinia molesta and pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under. As a result of human activities such as mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, electroplating, gas exhaust, energy and fuel production, fertilizer and pesticide application, etc. Results on removal of heavy metals zn, pb, fe, cu, and ni through phytoremediation of landfill leachate by lemna minor at different time periods of exposure are shown in figures 15. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, andtherefore effective cleanup requires their immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. Phytoremediation of heavy metals concepts and applicattions. The sources of various heavy metals are listed in table table1. In recent decades many studies have been conducted in contaminated mining and industrial areas and in natural. Recent advances towards improved phytoremediation of heavy. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more established treatment methods used. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried out in situ. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Potential of duckweed lemna minor for the phytoremediation.
Algae, phytoremediation, pollution, heavy metals 1. Parts iii and iv examine a variety of progressive techniques for phytoremediation and explore their implementation and success on a global scale. Phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity and role of soil. Bioremediation is a method, which uses indigenous micro flora or introduction soil is an only habitat which contains a variety of microflora and fauna it gives mechanical and nutritional support to higher plants.
Biotechnological advances in bioremediation of heavy. Several species of plants, including radish and mustard, were genetically engineered to express a protein called metallothionein. This cuttingedge volume highlights the myriad of contexts in which phytoremediation can be applied, and energizes new research by describing ways in which barriers to success have been recently overcome. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. Conventional remediation methods for heavy metalloids are generally based on physical, chemical. Recent concerns regarding the environmental contamination have initiated. Native plants growing naturally in hostile mining environments can be used for management, decontamination and possible rehabilitation of polluted soils. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants from the media that contain them. May 30, 2019 titled phytoremediation of metals, the patent disclosed a method to remove metal ions from soil using plants. Heavy metals can create stressful conditions to the plants and their growth becomes limited or impossible and this can influence the phytoremediation. A total of one hundred and eighty 180 samples comprising of 80 soils, 20 effluents, and 80 plant parts of jatropha jatropha curcas, neem azadirachta indica and baobab.
Field studies to examine the phytoremediation potential of some plants for metals cd, cr, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn in metals contaminated soils of challawa industrial estate, kano has been carried out. Introduction soil is the fundamental foundation of our agricultural resources, food security, global economy and environmental quality 1. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. In recent decades, serious contamination of soils by heavy metals has been reported. Research is in progress to screen plants for hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for cleaning up contaminated sites, which is cost effective, and has aesthetic advantages and long term applicability. This paper aims to compile some information about heavy metals of arsenic, lead. Conventional methods used for reclamation of contaminated soils, namely. Jun 29, 2015 phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants from the media that contain them. Phytoremediation potential of indigenous plants growing at. Heavy metals, remediation is a main solution t protection. Phytoremediation is one of the safer, economical, and environmentfriendly techniques in which plants are used to recover polluted soils, particularly those containing toxic organic substances and heavy metals. Metal remediation through common physicochemical techniques is expensive and unsuitable in treating large contaminated area effectively.